Time Study vs. Time and Motion Study

Although the terms are frequently used together, time study and motion study have different origins and primary focuses.

Time Study
Developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 1800s, time study emphasizes measuring the duration of work. Its main purpose is to establish standard times for tasks to support planning, costing, staffing, and performance management.

Motion Study
Developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth in the early 1900s, motion study focuses on analyzing and improving the method. It identifies unnecessary movements, improves ergonomics, and designs more efficient ways of working (using concepts such as Therbligs).

Time and Motion Study (Combined Approach)
Modern best practice integrates both: First optimize the method (motion study), then measure the improved method to set accurate standard times (time study).

In today’s environment, most professional time study work includes elements of both. A good study will evaluate whether the current method itself needs improvement before finalizing standard times.

Key Distinction: Time study answers “How long does it take?” Motion study answers “How can we do it better and with less effort?”